ARTICLES

The beginnings of breeding oriental horses on Polish lands date back to legendary times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which is as far as the 16th and 17th century. Numerous historic sources attest to the presence of Arabian horses in Poland. Oriental horses had a large impact on horse breeding in our country, contributing to the most famous victories of Polish armies. Despite unfavourable political conditions from the end of the 18th century, several of the largest and oldest borderland studs survived and maintained a high quality of breeding. Studs of the Sanguszko family in Chrestówka with its seat in Sławuta in the Volhynia region, the Branicki counts from Biała Cerkiew in Szamrajówka, Uzin and Janiszówka in the Ukraine and the Dzieduszycki counts in Jarczowce and Jezupol in the Małopolska region gave the foundation for pedigree breeding of Arabian horses in Poland. All the later known Polish Arabian horse breedings drew their founding material directly or indirectly from these studs. They themselves, by means of division of property, dowries and inheritances, became divided over time into several smaller studs, which by using various sires drifted away from their maternal studs, however their dam lines always traced back to the family nest. The turn of the 18th and 19th century was a time when owners of Polish studs, in order to maintain a high quality of breeding, began organizing excursions to the Middle East in order to import valuable breeding material directly from the desert. Previously the main source of acquiring sires were spoils of war and horses imported by dealers or commissioned by breeders. During 1795-1914 a total of 244 original Arabians were imported to Poland, including 215 stallions and 29 mares.

The oldest stud, initially breeding oriental horses and later Arabians, for which credible historic sources have been preserved, was established in 1778 by the Grand Crown Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1729-1819) in the Szamrajówka farm, part of the Biała Cerkiew estate in the Ukraine. At the time he imported 30 broodmares and 2 chief sires from the Tulczyn estate of Szczęsny Potocki, the Kiev voivode. The stud in Tulczyn, since existing earlier, probably had registers or inventories, but they were most probably taken away by Mieczysław Potocki to Paris in the 30s of the 19th century and until this day remain unavailable to historians. No documents were preserved from the first period of the existence of the Branicki Stud. A breakthrough year in the stud’s history was 1803 when a stud book was initiated in Szamrajówka, where not only the amount of the animals was written down, but also the parentage of the horses. The studs were kept continuously for the next one hundred years, up until the 1917/1918 revolution when they were lost. Unfortunately, during the stud’s 100 prosperous years the valuable materials in the books were not used to write down the history of the stud. The earliest source from that period that has been preserved until our times is a memo from 1874 by E. Witkowski, the manager of Konstany Branicki’s estate, only roughly describing the history of the Branicki Stud. A copy of this memo was uncovered by Aleksander Dzieduszycki, president of the Arabian Horse Breeding Society, prior to the outbreak of World War II from the archive of the Branicki family and given to Professor Pruski, who in turn handed it over to the University of Life Sciences Library in Warsaw in 1982. The next authors describing the Biała Cerkiew studs based their works on this source. In 1913 a commemorative photo album was published, titled “Szamrajówka Stud 1778-1913”, whose author was probably the then manager of the stud, vet. Feliks Rozwadowski (1873-1932). A copy of the foreword has been preserved in the archives of Prof. W. Pruski. The photo album has probably been irrevocably lost. Valuable materials on the Biało Cerkiew studs have also been provided by a monograph of the studs and at the same time the dissertation of J. Borowiak from the Wrocław University in 1914, titled “Die Arabische und Anglo-Arabische Pferdezucht der Grafen Branicki in Białocerkiew”.

In 1820, when the number of broodmares in Szamrajówka surpassed 100, it was divided into two herds. Part of the core herd remained in Szamrajówka and the rest was transferred to Uzin, where it remained until the revolution of 1917. As a result of estate divisions in 1817 a third stud was formed, in Janiszówka, who similarly to the two previous ones was destroyed in 1918. In the period of more than a 100 year activity of these studs valuable sire and dam lines were formed, which are represented in our breeding until this day. Unfortunately after the end of World War I in 1918 the Biała Cerkiew lines were represented by only two pure bred Arabians. The stallion Wallis 1918 from the sire line of Wernet d.b. and the mare Arabella from the dam line of Kadi ca.1840, whose line became extinct in 1939. In order to restore the oldest Biała Cerkiew family the mare Kewa 1923 (Siglavy Bagdady – Kalga) was imported to the state stud of Janów Podlaski, born at Inocenzdvor Stud in Yugoslavia. She was the 10th generation deriving from the old Biała Cerkiew family damline of Szamrajówka, born ca.1810. In Janów she produced 8 foals. Unfortunately as a result of robbery of Janów horses in 1939 Kewa’s daughters – Oaza 1933, Troska 1937, Włodarka 1939 and Użimka 1939 - found themselves at Tersk Stud and it were only her granddaughters, purchased to Poland from Tersk, Prowierka 1948 and Piewica 1953, which continued the family of Szamrajówka in Janów Podlaski and gave the stud its worldwide fame.

The second oldest and much more valuable was the owned by the Sanguszko Princes Chrestówka with its seat in Sławuta in the Volhynia region. Unfortunately no closer information about the old days of the Sanguszko stud have been preserved. The information about the first Arabian horse imported to Sławuta in 1790 is not completely credible. More noteworthy is a memo of Roman Sanguszko (1832-1917) sent to A.G. Szczerbatow, in which we find an account of the desert bred Arabians imported to Sławuta at the end of the 18 century: “My great-grandfather, Volhynian voivode Hieronim Sanhuszko, sent his equerry Burski to Arabia for the first time in 1798 to purchase horses”. However this information contradicts the account of the previous owner of Sławuta, Roman Sanguszko (1800-1881) called “Sybirak” and the uncle of R. Sanguszko junior, who in 1874 wrote the history of the Sanguszko stud, where he clearly gives the date of Burski’s expedition to Turkey and Syria as 1803. In the mentioned history of the Sanguszko stud, published in the 1876 „Encyclopedia of Agriculture” Sanguszko presents the stud's oldest periods as: “The old Chrestówka herd was a descendant and fragment of the old family herds and had no date of establishment, because it came from times when the Sanguszko princes, coming from Lithuania, settled down in the Volhynia region and the Ukraine...”. Since the times of Hieronim Sanguszko the stud bred solely Arabian horses. Since the times of Hieronim Sanguszko the stud bred solely Arabian horses. Among the few preserved documents from that era the most credible is a :stable report" from August 19th, 1799 (Sanguszko archive, 1840). 

It gives an insight to the state of breeding. The report is signed by Michał Rybiński, the stud's manager and attests to very careful recording of breeding. Rybiński's report is not commonly known. Its fragments together with a commentary were published by Prince Roman Sanguszko senior in an article in "Encyclopedia of Agriculture" from 1875. The report was also used by Bolesław Łukomski, who basing on materials from Sławuta prepared his dissertation in 1906.

The Chrestówka herd gave rise in 1835 to the stud in Gumniska, established by Władysław Sanguszko, whereas in 1860 as a result of estate divisions some of the Chrestówka stud was transferred to Wolica, later to Satanów and then in 1883 as the property of Józef Potocki found its way to Antoniny. In 1820 a stud book was founded in Sławuta and maintained until 1918, when it was ultimately lost. The extracts from this stud book, as well as the stud archives of Sławuta and Antoniny, saved during the revolution and in the hands of the great-grandchildren of Roman Sanguszko, turned out to be invaluable material to develop the 1st volume of the Polish stud book. A valuable source of information about Polish Arabian horse breeding in the second half of the 19th century is the published in 1900 in Petersburg book of the known Russian breeder of Arabian horses, A.G. Szczerbatow - “Kniga ob arabskoj łoszadi”. The Arabian horse stud in Sławuta was managed continuously for 128 years. The breeding, carried out with huge knowledge and consistency, created numerous sire and dam lines of great significance for the Polish Arabian horse. The only Sławuta sire line which has survived both world wars and is active in Polish breeding till this day is the sire line of Ilderim d.b., imported in 1900 (Eldon – Piaff – Alert; Pesal – Palatino). 

 Huge significance for Polish and world breeding has the sire line of Ibrahim d.b., imported to Antoniny in 1907, prolonged by the famous stallion Skowronek and later restored in Poland after World War II by importing from the stallions Naborr and Negatiw the USSR. It is difficult to imagine how Polish breeding would look like without Eukaliptus, the most prominent until now representative of the Ibrahim d.b. sire line, but there is some concern that this line may soon again not be represented in Polish breeding. 

The documented roots of the Sławuta dam lines date as far as the beginning of the 19th century and belong to the oldest in Arabian horse breeding in the world, yielding only to Thoroughbred families. During the last 225 years the Sławuta mares which played a major role in breeding descended from the following families: family of an unnamed mare - Kobyła ca. 1790, Szweykowska ca. 1800, Sapieha ca. 1810, Wołoszka ca. 1810, Anielka ca. 1811, Proskurka ca. 1816, Iliniecka ca. 1820 and Ostrogska ca. 1820. The stud in Sławuta together with its horses and its last owner Roman Sanguszko ceased to exist on November 1st, 1917. Not one horse survived the revolution. The Sławuta lines were restored thanks to horses saved from the studs at Gumniska and Antoniny and those imported from Radutz Stud. The Sławuta traditions were carefully nurtured at Gumniska. In 1836 its owner Władysław Sanguszko established a stud book in Gumniska, which after the war became an invaluable source for the recreation of the pedigrees of the surviving horses. After the end of World War I the stud at Gumniska had 8 broodmares and 3 stallions of the Arabian breed. At the Antoniny Stud of Józef and Roman Potocki 10 stallions and 7 mares survived, including two with Sławuta brandings. Due to the changes of the Polish border the Potocki family placed their horses at the Beheń estate in the Volhynia region. The Sławuta lines were represented after World War I in Polish breeding by three dam lines extinct by 1939 - Iliniecka, Gulowata and Ostrogska and four families - Szweykowska, Ukrainka, Milordka and Wołoszka - which exist and have been developing in Poland uninterruptedly for over 200 years.

The third key center for Polish Arabian horse breeding were Jarczowce of Kajetan Dzieduszycki (1772-1842), located in the Małopolska region. The stud was established in 1791. A breakthrough moment for this breeding was the purchase of the stallion Bagdad d.b. in 1840 from the dealer Gliocco and most importantly the import of breeding material of immense value in 1845 from Arabia. Three imported at the time mares: Gazella d.b., Mlecha d.b. and Sahara d.b. established valuable dam lines, existing until this day. The stud at Jarczowce had an enormous impact on Polish breeding thanks to the talent and passion of Juliusz Dzieduszycki, who encouraged many breeders to breed Arabian horses by his example. 

After the death of Juliusz Dzieduszycki (1817-1885) the stud was transferred by his successors to Jezupol, where the family tradition was continued by Władysław Dzieduszycki. During the first war the stud suffered great damage. Only several mares survived: Pomponia 1902 with daughter Zulejma 1914 from the line of Sahara d.b. and Gazella II 1914 from the line of Gazella d.b. The mares found their way to the Mordy estate near Siedlce. Thanks to the efforts of the then General Inspector of the State Studs, Jan Grabowski, they were exchanged for draught horses and came to Janów Podlaski State Stud where in 1919 an Arabian department was established. The Jarczowce mares founded valuable families in Janów, which were preserved after World War II and even further developed. 

Apart from the three mentioned dam lines in Jarczowce also established was the incredibly valuable sire line of Krzyżyk d.b. From this line World War I was survived by the stallions Abu Mlech 1902 and Farys II 1905. The line was prolonged in Janów by Abu Mlech and is currently represented in Polish breeding by the get of Trypolis. The stud at Jarczowce, despite breeding excellent horses, could not however boast a properly managed stud book. That's why, after the turmoil of war, the recreation of the pedigrees of the Jarczowce horses was very problematic and in some cases not possible. Helpful in these cases were the stud books published in lands under Russian and Austrian rule, where many breeders registered their horses up until the end of the 19th century. They became a valuable source for the documentation of pedigrees of horses that survived the war.

The first Arabian stud book published in Russia was the developed by Aleksander Szczerbatow and published in 1903 "Zawodskaja kniga arabskich łoszadiej w Rossiji". It included 44 stallions and 228 mares, among them those from Antoniny and Sławuta.

In 1867 in Vienna captain Otto Mayr published a stud book titled " Allgemaines Osterreichisches und Ungarisches Gestut-Buch" in which beside Thoroughbreds he placed the parentage of Arabian horses bred in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1899 in Małopolska the first Polish Arabian stud book was published by the Galician Horse Breeding Society, developed by Kazimierz Ostoja-Ostaszewski titled "Oficjalna księga stadna koni orientalnych dla Galicji i Bukowiny". This stud book included 8 stallions and 62 mares with the pedigree tables of the produce of mares imported by Juliusz Dzieduszycki in 1845: Gazella d.b., Mlecha d.b. and Sahara d.b. In 1909 the Galician Livestock Society in Lviv published the "Księga stad orientalnych i półkrwi" developed by Władysław Dzieduszycki and Marian Jędrzejowicz. The stud book included pedigree tables of stallions which played a significant role in breeding in the Małopolska region. During 1910-1912 two supplements to the stud book were published. At the beginning of the 20th century two interesting publications of Stefan Bojanowski were printed, describing the famous borderland studs: " Za końmi na Wołyń i Ukrainę" and "Sylwetki koni orientalnych i ich hodowców", as well as several interesting articles in the "Rider and Hunter" magazine. In 1906 B. Łukomski published the monograph "Das arabische Pferd in Sławuta". All these above mentioned publications served as source material for the creating of the 1st Volume of the Polish Arabian Stud Book in 1924-1926, which was eventually published in 1926 under the editorship of Edward Skorkowski.

World War I brought enormous material loss for Polish lands. Among the numerous fields of social and economic life there were also great losses in Arabian horse breeding. From the 500 broodmares from before the first war only 10% survived. According to Z. Rozwadowski in 1918 there were 25 mares with their produce (13 foals: 6 colts and 7 fillies) on Polish soil. The mares came from 14 dam lines: Gazella, Mlecha, Sahara, Elsissa, Milordka, Ukrainka, Szweykowska, Iliniecka, Gulowata, Wołoszka, Kadi, Szamrajówka, Wisznia and Ostrogska, as well as 12 sire lines: Abu Urkub II d.b., Aghil Aga d.b., Antar d.b., Arslan d.b., Druid d.b., Ezrak Seglavi d.b., Gessur d.b., Hermit d.b., Krzyżyk d.b., Kubiszan d.b., Seglavi Ardżebi d.b.and Ilderim d.b.

A regrettable loss was the complete extinction of the oldest Polish studs on the former eastern borderlands, especially Sławuta, Biała Cerkiew and Antoniny, as well as great damages to studs located in the Małopolska region, through which war activities also passed. Another huge loss was the disappearance of the several hundred year old archives and stud books of those studs. However despite these difficult conditions already in 1918 in the Ministry of Agriculture and Crown Estates a provisional State Stud Board was set up, whose task was to quickly restore the breeding of horses, also Arabians. From the very beginning it was understood that the breeding documentation had to be put to order by developing and publishing a stud book. The establishing of a stud book for Arabians and organizing races for them was actively taken up by Edward Skorkowski and it was him that the Ministry of Agriculture assigned this task to in 1924. The second person that took active part in the organization of publishing the Polish stud book was Aleksander Dzieduszycki (1874-1947), later the esteemed president of the Polish Arabian Horse Breeding Society and Bogdan Ziętarski, a superb breeder with great services to breeding and organizing Arabian races in Poland.

On May 1st, 1924 the Ministry of Agriculture issued a regulation on the official publication that was the "Polish Arabian Stud Book". During works on the stud book corrections to the rules of maintaining the stud book were needed. New rules were published on October 8th, 1926. According to this regulation the stud book consisted of two sections: the first had horses approved by a special commission as pure bred and the second had horses with at least 50% pure Arabian blood. Entries to the stud book were accepted up to December 31st, 1925. After this date only those horses were registered that were either approved by the stud book's commission as Arabian or were the produce of both parents registered in either one of the two sections. The 1st volume of the Polish Arabian Stud Book included 56 mares and 84 stallions. "(...) those 56 mares are the foundation of Polish Arabian horse breeding, which it descends from - it cannot die, since it gave Melpomena and Skowronek..." wrote Edward Skorkowski in his foreword  to the first volume. The second section had 222 mares and 205 stallions. Horses registered in the stud book belonged to 36 owners. The stud book also included 70 pedigrees of horses most merited in breeding, reaching six generations back. Difficulties during the development the 1st volume in completing source materials of the parentage of some horses, especially in further generations, caused that in 1930 a decision was made to reorganize the stud book, establishing two separate ones in the Arabian breed - for pure breds and those bred in "pureness of blood". The pure blood stud book included horses from the previous first section, excluding those whose pedigrees were not confirmed deeply enough or that showed any trace of non-Arabian blood. The regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture in this matter was published on December 4th, 1931. It included the final rules for the maintaining of the Polish Arabian Stud Book and according to them eligible for registration in the stud book are:

The most Arabian broodmares registered in the 1st volume of the stud book had in that time the state stud of Janów Podlaski - 13, next Roman Sanguszko in Gumniska - 8, Józef and Roman Potocki in Beheń - 5, Witold Czartoryski in Pełkinie - 5. These numbers show that the condition of Polish breeding in 1925-1926 was very modest. Despite this breeders understood the need of joint actions and on October 4th, 1926 they established the Arabian Horse Breeders Society. The Society took over from the Ministry of Agriculture the maintaining and publishing of the Arabian and Anglo-Arabian stud book and since that time until 1939 published subsequent supplements to volume 1. In 1932 the 1st Polish Arabian Stud Book was published in print. The stud book included 105 broodmares with their produce, 95 stallions and 86 pedigrees reaching 7 generations back. Up until the outbreak of World War II six supplements were published and in 1938 the 2nd volume of the Polish Arabian Stud Book was published. Volume two included 176 mares with produce belonging to 62 owners and 43 sires.

The outbreak of World War II found Polish Arabian breeding on a good developmental path and very high quality of the possessed horses. From the 166 mares registered in the stud book in 1939 as many as 143 were lost or robbed. The greatest losses were suffered by the state stud in Janów Podlaski, which in 1939 lost 90% of its breeding material. The retreating in October Soviet army, which attacked Poland on September 17th, took with them the entire stud, which was placed in Tersk in the Caucasus. The Janów horses never returned to Poland, becoming a foundation for the famous Arabian horse breeding of the USSR. The foundation for the restoring of the Janów herd turned out to be the youngsters lost during the evacuation of the stud, as well as Janów-bred horses and their produce repurchased from private breeders. During 1939-1944 several private breeders were able to survive and maintain their breeding activity, among them the Gumniska Stud of Roman Sanguszko and the stud in Pełkinie of Witold Czartoryski. During 1939-1947 the Arabian Horse Breeding Society did not stop being active. The Polish Arabian Stud Book was published in the form of annual supplements to volume II, which appeared 10 in total. In 1944 the occupational German authorities retreating before the coming front ordered an evacuation of Polish breeding horses to Germany. In this group was the Janów Podlaski Stud and horses from Młynów-Ołyka, which at the beginning of 1945 were found near Lubeck. The group also included Arabian horses from the stud in Stare Sioło, established during the occupation, evacuated to the Czechoslovakian territory. The end of the war found them in Topolcanky stud. Thanks to the huge devotion and dedication of people who accompanied Polish Arabian horses in their war wanderings, in 1946 to Poland returned 39 mares, 12 foals and 3 Arabian stallions from Germany, including the repurchased from the serum factory mares from Babolna Stud and 10 mares and 2 stallions that returned from Topolcanky. In total the amount of horses that were rescued after World War II for Polish breeding were 59 mares and 8 Arabian stallions. Once again everything had to be started from the very beginning.

Upon ending war activities Polish breeding came to another history curve. The country was freed from German occupation, but for the next 45 years was under Soviet influence. The change in the political system did not favor the development of Arabian horses. During 1946-1947 reclaimed to Poland from the British occupational zone were 1600 Polish breeding horses and 600 personnel. This group included 39 mares and 3 Arabian stallions from the Janów Stud, which played a fundamental role in creating Polish Arabian horse breeding after World War II.

In the introduction to volume 3 of the Polish Arabian Stud Book, its editor Edward Skorkowski described the condition of breeding during 1939-1947 as: "(...) we are in a much better place than after World War I, we have an organization, a stud book and performance trials and first of all 25 years of experience, which we did not have when restoring the previously ruined Arabian horse breeding." Volume 3 included data from 1939-1947 and 241 mares and 19 sires. The list of data depicts the losses suffered by Polish breeding in the war years:

1) exported in 1937 and 1938 - 8

2) lost during war activities

a) 1939 - 79

b) 1941 - 13

c) 1944 - 9

d) 1945 - 42

3) exported to the US in 1945 - 2

4) robbed - 6

5) died - 20

6) eliminated from breeding - 10

____________________________

lost from breeding-189

left in breeding-59

The gathered breeding material allowed to recreate Polish Arabian breeding after World War II. Due to the confiscation of private property by means of decrees of pro-Soviet authorities, also Arabian horses found themselves under the sole property of the government. This state of affairs was maintained in Poland until the second half of the 80s, when the communist authorities allowed to own Arabian mares by private persons. The creation of Arabian state studs in Poland after 1945, although with harm to private breeders, became the beginning of a unique breeding program. Mares which survived World War II and became the foundation of today's Polish state breeding were the property of 14 breeders. Janów Podlaski, the only state stud prior to the second war, became one of three and later four state studs. The confiscation of private property in favor of the state was difficult to accept, yet it created unique situation allowing to carefully coordinate actions for the entire state breeding. A joint breeding program, created by a group of Arabian horse experts, caused the breeding of Arabian horses in Poland not only to survive but to develop, achieve world successes and become a good example to follow.

By the decision of the authorities in 1948 the Arabian Horse Breeding Society was liquidated and the maintaining of the stud book was handed over to the state racecourse under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture, which lasts until today. The 4th volume of the Polish Arabian Stud Book was published in 1953. Subsequent volumes together with their supplements were published regularly each 4-5 years. In 1959 a regulation was issued which made corrections to the rules of registering horses, namely that: "Entered into the Polish Arabian Stud Book are stallions, mares and foals which:

1) were imported from the countries of the Arabian Peninsula or other countries and are considered to be pure bred Arabian horses

2) possess in all lines ancestors fulfilling the requirements set in point 1 or can be traced from horses registered in the Polish Arabian Stud Book maintained since 1932.

Upon creating the World Arabian Horse Organization (WAHO) in 1970 in London all stud books were inspected for approval, including the Polish one. A special WAHO commission came to Poland and after learning the methods of maintaining the stud book considered the Polish one an example by which WAHO developed international rules of maintaining stud books.

The change of the political and economic situation in Poland after 1989 did not affect the way of maintaining and financing the PASB. Hi-tech methods in reproduction and breeding, such as artificial insemination and embryotransfer, required the clarification of rules in this matter. There was also a need to change the rules of registration. According to WAHO, an Arabian horse is such that is registered in a WAHO-approved stud book.

In 1960 and 1972 the genealogical tables of E. Skrokowski ("Polskie tablice genealogiczne koni arabskich czystej krwi") were reprinted with a foreword in four languages. Also in 1972 the genealogical tables of Zdzisław Rozwadowski (in English) were published, titled "50 years of breeding pure blood Arabian Horses in Poland in their genealogical charts 1918-1968", edited by Antoni Święcki, funded by Leon Rubin from the US - a great friend of Polish breeding. The tables of Z. Rozwadowski, as an incredibly comprehensive newest history of Polish Arabian horse breeding, were called the "bible" of the Polish Arabian horse. With a full history of Polish breeding and Arabian horse studs, illustrated with photographs of merited horses, they include the parentage of all horses that were present in Poland in 1918-1968, descending in a straight line from 38 founding mares and 29 founding stallions. During 1974-1985 four supplements were issued, whose author after the death of Z. Rozwadowski in 1977 was Roman Pankiewicz. Supplement V was published in 1987. Supplements I and II were funded by Leon Rubin, supplement III - by the American Lasma Stud, supplement IV - by Lasma Arabians and Arabian Horse World magazine, in cooperation with Jolanta and Zenon Lipowicz. In 1983 Professor Witold Pruski published the vital for discovering the history of Polish Arabian horse breeding work titled " Dwa wieki polskiej hodowli koni arabskich (1778-1978) i jej sukcesy w świecie". This extremely colorful and carefully prepared book is until this day the basic source of knowledge on Polish Arabian horse breeding. It also documents all sources and breeding archives which allowed to create the Polish Arabian Stud Book. An interesting addition to the information included in Prof. W. Pruski's book is the published in 2007 work of Prof. Krystyna Chmiel "One tworzyły piękno", depicting the profiles of the most merited mares, which after 1939 gave rise to dam lines active till this day, descending from the old historic studs. Published in 1999 was the extremely valuable register, titled "Rejestr polskich ogierów użytych w hodowli w latach 1944-1983", developed by Roman Pankiewicz. The 1st volume of the register covers the years 1944-1983, key to the restoration of Polish breeding after World War II in its current state. 

The publisher of volume I is the private Arabian stud "Wyspa Wolin" of Dionizy Szostek. The uniqueness of this work for today's breeders is that it includes the spot-on comments and opinions of breeders from that era, mainly Andrzej Krzyształowicz and Ignacy Jaworowski. The key significance of the register is the incredible knowledge and passion of its author, Roman Pankiewicz, who passes it on to the next generation of Polish breeders. The second volume of the register covers the years 1983-1993 and was developed by Roman Pankiewicz and Agnieszka Mikulska and published by Michałów State Stud in 2005. 

The dedication placed on the opening page of the second volume of " Rejestru polskich ogierów czystej krwi użytych w hodowli w latach 1944-1993" may be considered the tagline of this article: "(...) In memory of Prince Roman Sanguszko and Bogdan Ziętarski, thanks to whom Arabian horse breeding has been enriched with the sire lines of Kuhailan Haifi, Kuhailan Afas and Kuhailan Zaid". The respect for the history and our great predecessors allowed Polish breeding to stand back up after many falls. To remain and develop, giving joy and satisfaction to subsequent generations of Polish breeders, bringing fame to Poland all over the world.